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The applicant submitted that the parties had begun to quarrel regularly because the respondent would often leave the matrimonial home unbeknownst to the applicant and, on 4 June 2013, the respondent had relocated to her parents' home without the applicant's permission.

The applicant told the court that his efforts to reconcile with the respondent had been in vain, and that he believed their marriage to no longer be tenable. The respondent failed to attend the proceeding, despite having been formally summonsed. In the respondent's absence, the court, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, granted the applicant a revocable divorce (talak satu raj'i) on the grounds of ongoing conflict.

The parties' were married on 27 March 2003 and had one child. By January 2007, however, their marriage had become quarrelsome because, the plaintiff submitted, the defendant was not able to provide his family with sufficient financial support. The marriage broke down in July 2007, resulting in the defendant leaving the plaintiff for approximately four years, during which time the defendant failed to provide the plaintiff with any emotional or financial support.

Satisfied that the plaintiff had met the evidentiary requirements contained in art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974, the court, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, acceded to the plaintiff's request for an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in shughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict.

The parties were married on 12 August 2006. Initially the marriage was harmonious. Since September 2013, however, it had become quarrelsome. The plaintiff submitted that this was due to:

1. the defendant having been an irresponsible husband, i.e. not valuing, respecting, caring for and loving the plaintiff as his wife;
2. the defendant having had extra-marital affairs in October 2006, in 2008, and then again in September 2013; and
3. the plaintiff no longer being able to maintain a domestic partnership with the defendant, resulting in the parties separating on 10 November 2013.

Due to the ongoing conflict between the parties the court granted the plaintiff an irrevocable divorce (thalak satu ba'in sughro), pursuant to art 39 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws.

The parties were married in 2013. By March 2014, however, their marriage had become quarrelsome and by August 2014 they had separated. The plaintiff alleged that the defendant:

1. had had an extra-marital affair with another woman;
2. often left the plaintiff for his parents' home;
3. did not provide the plaintiff with appropriate financial support; and
4. verbally abused the plaintiff.

Despite the defendant's absence from court, the Court was satisfied that the plaintiff had established that the parties' marriage was adversely affected by ongoing conflict and acceded to the plaintiff's request for an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in shughra), pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws. The Court also ordered the plaintiff to pay court costs (IDR 316,000).

The parties were married in Aceh Besar, in accordance with Islamic tradition, and had no children. The plaintiff's father had acted as the parties' marriage guardian (wali nikah), the dowry (mahar) was six grams of gold's worth in cash, and the plaintiff requested that the chief justice ratify the parties' nuptials in order that she might file for a judicial divorce. After two days of marriage, the defendant had left the plaintiff, never to return. Over the past seven years the plaintiff had not heard from the defendant, nor knew anything in regards to his whereabouts.

The plaintiff's application was dismissed, however, on the grounds that neither the plaintiff or defendant were in attendance. The court ordered the plaintiff to pay court costs (IDR 391,000).

The parties were married on 18 April 2006 and had one daughter aged 5. The plaintiff submitted that the parties' marriage had become quarrelsome as of 2008, after the defendant had been sentenced to one year in prison. While in prison the plaintiff had been unable to provide the defendant with any financial or emotional support, and once released from prison, he had become agressive towards the plaintiff, frequently becoming intoxicated and physically beating her. The plaintiff submitted that whenever the parties would quarrel the defendant would verbally divorce her. Feeling the parties' marriage was irreparable, the plaintiff requested the court grant her an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra).

Despite the defendant's absence from court, the court acceded to the plaintiff's request on the grounds of ongoing conflict, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws.

The parties were married on 21 January 2005 and had lived at the applicant's home for a year (until January 2006). While they had already consummated their marriage, they had no children. The applicant submitted that, since July 2005, the marriage had been disharmonious, however, because the respondent found his salary as a labourer unsatisfactory. The respondent left the applicant in January 2006, returning to her childhood home. The parties then remained separated for the next eight years and nine months. The applicant, accordingly, requested that the court grant him a revocable divorce (talak satu raj'i).

After corroborating the applicant's submissions with evidence provided by the applicant's witnesses, the court acceded to his request, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, on the grounds of ongoing conflict between the parties.

The parties were married on 11 July 2011 and had one child. The plaintiff submitted that, since 2014, the parties' marriage had been disharmonious due to financial problems. In order to avoid further conflict, the plaintiff moved to Hong Kong in September 2014 to take a job as a domestic worker. Since then the parties had remained separated and maintained little contact. The plaintiff's family had also counselled her to return to the defendant, but the plaintiff refused, feeling that the parties could no longer co-exist. Accordingly, the plaintiff requested that the court grant her an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra).

The court, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, acceded to the request on the grounds of ongoing conflict between the parties.

The parties were married on 23 December 2006. For the first 10 months of the marriage they had lived with the defendant's parents, before moving to the plaintiff's parents' home. They also had one child, who was seven years of age at the time of the proceeding.

After moving in with the plaintiff's parents, however, the marriage had begun to deteriorate. This was a result of:

1. economic difficulties, leading to frequent quarrelling; and
2. the defendant discovering from the plaintiff's mobile phone that she had had an extra-marital affair.

Attempts on the part of the parties' families to make them reconcile had proven unsuccessful, and the parties had lived separately for the four months leading up to the proceeding, during which time their had been no physical intimacy between the parties, and the defendant had provided the plaintiff with no financial support. The plaintiff, believing that the marriage was beyond repair, sought a judicial divorce from the court.

The court acknowledged that the purpose of marriage, as contained in the Qur'an, Surat Al Rum, verse 21, as well as art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving home, was no longer feasible. Therefore, pursuant to the elucidation of art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, the court acceded to the plaintiff's application for an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughro) on the grounds of ongoing conflict.

The parties were married on 1 September 2006 before a local marriage registrar from the Office of Religious Affairs. Since October 2012, however, the parties' marriage had become quarrelsome because the defendant:

1. had failed to provide the plaintiff and their children with any financial support; and
2. would frequently declare that he divorced the plaintiff (pronounced talak).

Between October 2012 and the time the plaintiff filed an application for divorce, the plaintiff and the parties' two children had been living with the plaintiff's parents. During this time the defendant never visited or provided them with any financial support, forcing the plaintiff and their children to rely financially on the plaintiff's parents. Accordingly, the plaintiff sought an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sugro), believing the parties' marriage was beyond repair.

The court acknowledged that the purpose of marriage, as contained in the Qur'an, Surat Al Rum, verse 21, as well as art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving home, was no longer feasible. Therefore, pursuant to the elucidation of art 37 of Law No. 1 of 1974, art 19(b) and (f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(b) and (f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, the court acceded to the plaintiff's application for an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in shugra) on the grounds of having been apart for longer than two consecutive years, as well as ongoing conflict.

The parties were married on 4 April 2011 and had one child. The plaintiff submitted, however, that, since November 2011, the parties' differences of opinion had affected their marriage. Moreover, the plaintiff submitted that:

1. the parties quarrelled on a regular basis;
2. the defendant had never provided the plaintiff with any financial support from the time of marriage;
3. the defendant did not work;
4. the parties had agreed to divorce before the East Jakarta Religious Court;
5. the parties had already been separated for two and a half years without providing each other any financial or emotional support;
6. the parties had failed to fulfil their spousal responsibilities via-a-vis one another;
7. the plaintiff had already endeavoured to resolve the parties' problems through deliberation and discussion with the defendant, but to no avail; and
8. the parties' problems were irreconcilable and that divorce was the most feasible option.

The defendant was summonsed to appear, but failed to do so. The court, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and arts 33 and 34 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, granted the plaintiff an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughro) on the grounds of ongoing conflict, as well as on the grounds of the defendant's repudiation of arts 2 and 4 of the parties' marriage vows (sighat ta'lik thalak), pursuant to art 119 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws.

The parties were married on 28 February 1986 and had one child. The plaintiff submitted that the parties' marriage had been harmonious up until a year ago, before she and the defendant had begun to quarrel regularly. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant had had an extra-marital affair, secretly married (nikah siri) this other woman, and had a child with her. When problems escalated between the parties, the defendant finally left the matrimonial home to live with his parents, where he had remained for the past year. During that time the parties had not been physically intimate with one another. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant's attitude and behaviour had caused her extended suffering, that she had endeavoured to rectify the situation with the defendant, but that she now felt divorce to be the only feasible option available.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in Surat Ar-Rum verse 21, art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict. The court also cited Kitab Al-Anwar Juz II in support of its granting a divorce in the absence of the defendant, who had failed to attend court, despite having been formally summonsed.

The parties were married on 26 January 2004, the plaintiff at the time being a new bride, the defendant a divorcee. They had one child. The plaintiff told the court that the parties' marriage had been harmonious up until a year ago, when they had started to quarrel regularly over financial matters. More specifically, the plaintiff alleged that the defendant never provided her with shopping money to shop for daily necessities, and that the defendant no longer showed any care for the plaintiff. When problems escalated between the parties, the defendant finally left the matrimonial home to live with his parents, where he had remained for the past year. During that time the parties had not been physically intimate with one another. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant's attitude and behaviour had caused her extended suffering, that she had endeavoured to rectify the situation with the defendant, but that she now felt divorce to be the only feasible option available.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in Surat Ar-Rum verse 21, art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict. The court also cited Kitab Al-Anwar Juz II in support of its granting a divorce in the absence of the defendant, who had failed to attend court, despite having been formally summonsed.

The parties were married on 20 February 2013, had one child, and lived with the plaintiff's parents. The plaintiff submitted that, since March 2015, the parties' marriage had become quarrelsome because the defendant had never provided her with any financial support since they were married. Furthermore, the defendant showed insufficient care for his family and often went out on his own. Problems escalated and, on 21 March 2015, the defendant left the plaintiff's parents' home. Since their separation the parties had not been physically intimate with one another. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant's attitude and behaviour had caused her extended suffering, that she had endeavoured to rectify the situation with the defendant, but that she now felt divorce to be the only feasible option available.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in Surat Ar-Rum verse 21, art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict. The court also cited Kitab Al-Anwar Juz II in support of its granting a divorce in the absence of the defendant, who had failed to attend court, despite having been formally summonsed.

The parties were married on 20 February 2013, had one child, and lived with the plaintiff's parents. The parties were married on 21 June 2012 and had one child. The plaintiff submitted that, for the past year and a half, the parties' marriage had become quarrelsome because the defendant had not provided her with any financial support, compelling the plaintiff to rely on her parents financially. The defendant then left the plaintiff and, since their separation a year ago, the parties had not been physically intimate with one another. Moreover, the plaintiff did not know of the defendant's whereabouts. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant's attitude and behaviour had caused her extended suffering, that she had endeavoured to rectify the situation with the defendant, but that she now felt divorce to be the only feasible option available.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in Surat Ar-Rum verse 21, art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict. The court also cited Kitab Al-Anwar Juz II in support of its granting a divorce in the absence of the defendant, who had failed to attend court, despite having been formally summonsed.

The parties were married on 9 December 2004 and had lived with the plaintiff's parents. The plaintiff submitted that, since 2008, the parties' marriage had become quarrelsome because the defendant's unwillingness to gain employment meant they could not meet their domestic needs. The defendant then left the plaintiff to live with his own parents, and for the seven years they were separated, they were never physically intimate with one another. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant's attitude and behaviour had caused her extended suffering, that she had endeavoured to rectify the situation with the defendant, but that she now felt divorce to be the only feasible option available.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in Surat Ar-Rum verse 21, art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict. The court also cited Kitab Al-Anwar Juz II in support of its granting a divorce in the absence of the defendant, who had failed to attend court, despite having been formally summonsed.

The parties were married on 31 October 2012 and had lived with the plaintiff's parents. The plaintiff submitted that the marriage had always been quarrelsome because the defendant had never been willing to seek employment, meaning the parties could not meet their domestic needs. Two months prior to the proceeding, the defendant left the plaintiff without notice or a farewell to live with his own parents, and for the two months they were separated they had not shared any physical intimacy. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant's attitude and behaviour had caused her extended suffering, that she had endeavoured to rectify the situation with the defendant, but that she now felt divorce to be the only feasible option available.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in Surat Ar-Rum verse 21, art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict. The court also cited Kitab Al-Anwar Juz II in support of its granting a divorce in the absence of the defendant, who had failed to attend court, despite having been formally summonsed.

The parties were married on 12 May 2006 and had one child. The marriage had been harmonious until May 2015, when, the plaintiff submitted, the parties had begun to quarrel regularly because of the defendant's jealousy when a male guest came to the parties' home. Problems escalated and the defendant left the matrimonial home on 28 June 2015. The parties had remained separated for the 15 days leading up to the date on which the plaintiff had filed an application for divorce, during which time they had not been physically intimate with one another. The plaintiff submitted that the defendant's attitude and behaviour had caused her extended suffering, that she had endeavoured to rectify the situation with the defendant, but that she now felt divorce to be the only feasible option available.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in Surat Ar-Rum verse 21, art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, and Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict. The court also cited Kitab Al-Anwar Juz II in support of its granting a divorce in the absence of the defendant, who had failed to attend court, despite having been formally summonsed.

The parties were married on 2 July 2010 but had no children. The plaintiff submitted that the parties' marriage was initially harmonious. Since September 2012, however, it had deteriorated because:

1. the defendant would often come home in the middle of the night and become enraged if the plaintiff would advise him to conduct himself otherwise;
2. whenever the parties would argue, the defendant would use profane language, leaving the plaintiff feeling no longer appreciated as a wife.

Problems escalated in April 2013, when the defendant had an extra-marital affair with another woman, resulting in the parties quarrelling, and the defendant leaving the plaintiff. For the next two years, the defendant provided the plaintiff with no financial or emotional support, leaving the plaintiff to believe that divorce was the only available option.

The court conceded that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) household, was no longer feasible. Accordingly, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, Kitab Fiqih Sunnah Juz II, and Manhaj al-Thullab juz VI, the court granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak satu bain sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict.

The parties were married on 10 January 2013 and had one child, aged 2. They had lived with the defendant's parents for approximately three months before moving to their own home nearby. The plaintiff submitted that the parties' marriage had been disharmonious from the beginning because the defendant:

1. was drug-addicted;
2. gambled with his friends;
3. was temperamental and frequently drove the plaintiff away, even physically assaulting her when he became enraged; and
4. only worked when he so desired.

Problems escalated in November 2015 when the plaintiff was forced to work out of necessity while the defendant spent his time at home. When the plaintiff suggested that the defendant also seek employment he struck the plaintiff, resulting in the plaintiff leaving the parties' home.

The plaintiff submitted that it was in the interest of the parties' child that their child be in the plaintiff's care given the child's young age, as well as the fact that the defendant was rarely home and unemployed. The plaintiff also submitted that as the parties' marriage and home life was no longer peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah), and in order that they did not contravene legal and religious norms, an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) was the parties' final option.

The court acceded to the applicant's request, finding that the parties could no longer fulfil the purpose of marriage as envisaged by art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws. Moreover, it did so on the grounds of ongoing conflict, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws.