SHARIAsource

After revising the first draft according to the opinion of the Guardian Council the law amending 38 articles of the Criminal Procedure Code 2014 became final.

The UAE government issued Federal Decree Law no. 31 of 2021 amending the country’s criminal law code, with major amendments to the prior code, Federal Law no. 3 of 1987. The new law amended three major provisions of the existing Code. First, it expands the scope of the laws of rape and sexual assault by raising the age limit for statutory rape from 14 to 18, in which anyone under the age of 18 is now considered a minor, and introducing a penalty of life imprisonment for rape that may increase to capital punishment if the case matches any of the conditions outlined by the law. Second, the law partially decriminalizes out-of-wedlock sexual relationships, by reducing the penalty from one year to six months if a complaint is filed by a relative or woman’s guardian. Third, the law introduces provisions for out-of-wedlock parenting in which anyone who has a child out-of-wedlock can avoid the default minimum sentence of two years’ imprisonment if they marry, acknowledge parenthood of the child (either jointly or separately), and provide formal issuance of the baby's identification documents.

This case was brought on appeal from the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia, which granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants, prison officials (Warden Jack Lee, Assistant Warden Gene Shinault, and Correctional Officer K. Lester). Petitioner Leroy Lovelace was removed from a “pass list” (which gives inmates access to Ramadan prayer services and special meals) after prison officials claimed that he broke his fast by eating during the day. Lovelace argued that his removal was due to his complaints about expired food, and was thus in violation of his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion, the Fourteenth Amendment right to due process, and the requirements of Section 3 of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) (protecting prisoners from having their religious practices substantially burdened, without a compelling government interest). Section 3 of RLIUPA states that “No government shall impose a substantial burden on the religious exercise of a person residing in or confined to an institution, as defined in section 1997 of this title, even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability, unless the government demonstrates that imposition of the burden on that person--is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest.” 42 U.S.C.A. §2000cc-1(a). The Court vacated the grant of summary judgment in favor of Officer Lester, the prison official who reported the alleged fast breaking, as well as against Warden Lee, who was in charge of overseeing the prison, concluding that both officials played direct roles in the incident. The Court remanded the case to the district court to determine whether the plaintiff had made out a valid due process claim, and the Court affirmed the remainder of the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendants.

This statute is the first amendment to Law No. 23 of 1999 on Bank Indonesia, and was drafted to cater for then-recent economic developments, as well as an increasingly integrated and competitive, as well as progressive, financial system.

This statute is the first revision of Law No. 2 of 1986 on the Civil Judiciary. It provides formulaic amendments to the statute, dealing with the civil judiciary and its support staff. For the second revision, see Law No. 49 of 2009.

This statute provides the first set of amendments to Law No. 5 of 1986 on the conduct and appointment of the judiciary.

This statute was the first to acknowledge Acehnese autonomy, and its separation from the province of North Sumatra. The statute stipulates the composition of the Acehnese and North Sumatran provincial legislatures, as well as regulating other matters of governance such as transportation and traffic, well-drilling, fish catcheries, mining, and forestry. It specifies Kutaraja (the Dutch name for what would later be renamed Banda Aceh) as the capital city.

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2016 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to the Twenty-second Amendment Act of 2016). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "2016 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2018 Constitution fo Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to the Twenty-fifth Amendment Act of 2018). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "2018 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

This document is the first draft of Criminal Procedure Bill prepared and adopted by the parliament and sent to the Guardian Council for review.

French text of the 1959 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. This constitution was adopted shortly before Mauritania's formal independence from France, and included is a 1960 amendment adopted upon independence giving executive powers to the Mauritanian prime minister. Mauritania would in 1961 adopt a very similar instrument to the 1959 constitution as its first post-independence constitution.

The first 180 pages of the original English text of the 2005 Constitution of Uganda (1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, as amended to 2005). The remaining pages can be found in a second documented entitled "2005 Constitution of Uganda (p. 181 on)".

English text of the first 169 pages of the 1985 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 1985). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "1985 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 169 pages of the 1987 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 1987). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "1987 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

Text of the first 189 pages of the 2001 Constitution of Guyana (1980 Constitution of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, as amended to Act No. 8 of 2001). The remaining pages from 190 on is in a second document denoted "2001 Constitution of Guyana (190 on)".

Text of the first 178 pages of the 2007 Constitution of Guyana (1980 Constitution of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, as amended to Act No. 22 of 2007). The remaining pages from 179 on are in a second document denoted "2007 Constitution of Guyana (p. 179 on)".

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2010 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 2010). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "2010 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2011 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of Pakistan, as amended to Act No. 1 of 2011). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "2011 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on).

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2012 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to Act No. V of 2012). The remaining pages can be found in a separate document denoted "2012 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

The Ohio Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court’s refusal to enforce an Islamic marriage contract, which called for a postponed dowry (mahr) owed by the husband to the wife upon death or divorce of $25,000. The Court found that the groom was coerced into signing the agreement, and thus it was not valid. The Court did not delve into the potential First Amendment Establishment Clause issues considered by the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.